Stephen Crane and American Realism Essay - 1509 Words

If it was not for Stephen Crane and his visionary work than American Realism would not have taken hold of the United States during the eighteen hundreds. During the years following the Civil War America was a melting pot of many different writing styles. Many scholars argue that at this time there was still no definite American author or technique. Up to this point authors in the Americas simply copied techniques that were popular in regions of Europe. Stephen Crane came onto the scene with a very different approach to many of his contemporaries. He was a realist, and being such he described actions in a true, unadorned way that portrayed situations in the manner that they actually occurred (Kaplan). He had numerous admired pieces but his†¦show more content†¦The first time that people can truly see his professional writing career begin is during his time at Syracuse (Berryman 8). Crane wrote articles in the Syracuse Daily Standard and his work was so popular that he was eve ntually noticed by the New York Tribune who also asked him to write in their newspaper. As a flourishing writer Crane began to experiment with various techniques (Monteiro 136). All of these different styles of writing were met with mixed results leaving Crane in a difficult position. Although he was being successful as the average journalist, Crane wanted more. He was young and ambitious and the fact of the matter was that his tendencies did not fit in with the writing styles popular to the time (Monteiro 135). In order to advance his career and propel himself into a position of reverence he would have to find a style with which he could really get his ideas across. In time it became evident that Crane had found the style of writing that suited him best. He enjoyed portraying events in the true, bare, manner in which they occurred. Instead of embellishing accounts to make them seem more enjoyable to the reader, Crane preferred to include the gritty details that many considered inde cent, gritty, and unnecessary. While other authors where expanding on styles of writing such as romanticism, Crane took a twisted advance towards creating storiesShow MoreRelatedStephen Crane: The Literary Red Badge871 Words   |  3 PagesStephan Crane within The Red Badge of Courage once said: â€Å"The men dropped here and there like bundles. The captain of the youths company had been killed in an early part of the action. His body lay stretched out in the position of a tired man resting, but upon his face there was an astonished and sorrowful look, as if he thought some friend had done him an ill turn.† (Source insert correct citation in final draft†¦from http://www.shmoop.com/red-badge-of-courage/warfare-quotes-3.html). The quoteRead MoreThe Viewpoints of Stephen Crane and His Novel Maggie: A Girl on the Streets807 Words   |  4 Pagesthe world, and frequently shapes lives regardless.† (â€Å"Although it’s origins†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) Stephen Crane was in fluenced to write his 1893 novella, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets, as a result of his religious family, the secrecy to publish a novel that reveals the reality and impurity of the real world and from the impact of needy, urban landscapes that ended realism and began naturalism. Beginning in the early years of Stephen Crane’s life, he was the last son of thirteen other siblings. Being raised by aRead MoreEssay on A Brief Biography on Stephen Crane1345 Words   |  6 PagesStephen Crane was one of America’s most influential nineteenth century writers of realism. He was credited for being a novelist, short-story-writer, poet, and journalist. He was born on November 1, 1871, in Newark, New Jersey, as Stephen Townley Crane. Stephen was the youngest sibling of fourteen children (â€Å"Stephen Crane Biography†). His writing inspiration came from his family. His mother dedicated her life to social concerns, while his father was a Methodist minister. Two of Crane’s brothersRead MoreThere Was a Child Went Forth and Do Not Weep, Maiden, for War Is Kind642 Words   |  3 Pages There are many pieces of American Literature that include American Values and mixed emotions. Some writers pushed the details further than others. I think the writers Walt Whitman and Stephen Crane did a great job of writing realistically. They both wrote pieces that people still analyze even today. Therefore, there will be an explanation of Walt Whitman’s, â€Å"There Was a Child Went Forth† and Stephen Cranes, â€Å"Do Not Weep, Maiden, for War Is Kind†. The poem â€Å"There Was a Child Went Forth† was writtenRead MoreSister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser and Stephen Crane ´s The Open Boat, Examples of American Naturalist Literature959 Words   |  4 Pages Literary naturalism was a movement that began in the late 1800s to the mid-1900s that used detailed realism to show the readers that the human character is shaped by many things that are outside of human control. This movement tried to depict everyday reality where the characters would receive symbolic, idealistic, or supernatural treatment. Literary realism was a prominent movement in the mid-1800s in Europe, and naturalism was derived from this movement; the writers were influenced largely byRead MoreRealism and Naturalism in Crane’s Open Boat â€Å"Perhaps an individual must consider his own death to1000 Words   |  4 Pages Realism and Naturalism in Crane’s Open Boat â€Å"Perhaps an individual must consider his own death to be the final phenomenon of nature.† In this small excerpt from his short story â€Å"The Open Boat† one can clearly see that Stephen Crane was a firm believer in the concepts of naturalism. After the harsh and violent Civil War the United States was no longer the nation it had been before. Previously, Americans had focused on the positive or romantic side of their surroundings and had written in a romanticRead MoreThe s Maggie : A Girl Of The Streets1857 Words   |  8 PagesStephan Crane’s Maggie:A Girl of the Streets is fundamentally a work of naturalism with a few elements of realism. Donna M Campbell explains in Naturalism in American Literature, much of the naturalistic literary movement focuses on taboo topics such as violence, poverty, prostitution, and alcoholism. Naturalism has other characteristics such as static characters and Social Darwinism, characters who are controlled by their environm ent and have very little â€Å"free will†, and animal imagery. FurthermoreRead More Analysis of Stephen Cranes, Maggie: A Girl Of The Streets Essay2468 Words   |  10 PagesAnalysis of Stephen Cranes, Maggie: A Girl of the Streets Today in modern America, it has become almost impossible to avoid the tales of horror that surround us almost anywhere we go. Scandals, murders, theft, corruption, extortion, abuse, prostitution, all common occurrences in this day in age. A hundred years ago however, people did not see the world in quite such an open manner despite the fact that in many ways, similarities were abundant. People’s lives were, in their views, free of allRead MoreThe Red Badge Of Courage And The Works Of Walt Whitman1620 Words   |  7 PagesTo understand and compare the realism between Stephen Crane’s The Red Badge of Courage and the works of Walt Whitman, one must first examine the meaning of realism. In literature, realism can be defined as the writer’s attempt to create a picture through concise language and descriptive scenes. Essentially, a reader should walk away from the book feeling as though they lived the events with the characters, much like one might experience in a well produced movie. There may not always be moral valuesRead MoreOpen Boat1478 Words   |  6 Pagesthe universe and insignificant to the workings of the universe. In â€Å"The Open Boat† by Stephen Crane, Crane exemplifies mans insignificance to the universe and nature because ultimately fate decides and fate is an indifferent, uncontrollable, and inevitable force that possesses no consciousness that people can understand. â€Å"The Open Boat† reflects Naturalistic ideas, the era in the late nineteenth century when American was growing rapidly and the individual felt unique and important (â€Å"Regionalism† 640)

Writing Techniques That Appeal to Readers Essay - 886 Words

Writing Techniques That Appeal to Readers Anyone who will be required to write at any time, no matter what the function of the writing, should learn good writing techniques that appeal to readers. Every type of writing should possess something that will draw the reader into the words to make the reader feel that he can relate to what he reads. Many techniques can accomplish this goal of writing. Diction, organization, description, and titles are all key parts of an essay that combine the authors thoughts and teelings in an effective manner. Diction plays and extremely crucial role in all forms of writing. Word choice can make an essay -- whether it is illustrative, narrative, or persuasive -- more easily understood.†¦show more content†¦She does this by using examples from the past to back her main ideas. In the essay, Unlikely Learning, Mary Kemmerer uses chronological order to explain how she passes her day in school. Danielle Trasciattis essay, Blue Band Emotional High uses some spacial organization although the primary development is chronological. The author uses smaller, minor points to support the main idea. Through the use of these forms of arrangement, the authors effectively expressed their points in a very clear and discemible manner. Another aspect that makes writing good is description. Description not only makes reading more enjoyable, but helps the reader feel as if he or she is involved in what is going on in the essay. It also adds life and reality to the writing. One essay that uses good description is Blue Band Emotional High. Danielle Trasciatti uses description to paint a mental picture and helps the reader feel part of the experience. She does it with description like, the smell of the dirt mixed with sweat filled the hot and humid air. Chalk was floating around everywhere and was smeared all over the dirt around the 25 yard line. Description brings the reader in and keeps him reading . A piece of writing would be incredibly boring if there would be no description to interest the reader and help him create his own picture of what is beingShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis : Using Rhetoric889 Words   |  4 PagesThere exists an immeasurable amount of techniques that allow writing to be eloquent. Rhet oric, however, consistently remains one of the most popular techniques due to the influential nature and effectiveness of its steps. Composition can best be analyzed and constructed using rhetoric. It’s essential in rhetoric to follow critical instructions to generate the best writing possible. Rhetoric consists of the need to develop and establish a clear purpose, identify with an audience, build a clear contextRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Gender1000 Words   |  4 Pagescommunicating her view? She is successful in communicating her main idea. Lorber uses three techniques that impacts the reader. First, scholarly word choice to reach a targeted academic audience. Second, reasoning to explain her thought process for believable content. Lastly, appeals to authority, citing other relevant works to add credibility to her essay. Technique 1: Word Choice The first technique is scholarly word choice. The words in Lorber’s essay show she is targeting an academic audienceRead MoreSports Mascots Essays639 Words   |  3 Pagesto this topic by creating pathos in their writing. Although Mark Hyman, author of So Sioux Me, has many good examples and facts, Jack Shakely, author of Indian Mascots – You’re Out, has a more credible argument. He implements pathos by describing a story that happen to him at a young age and also establishes credibility early in his article, which proves to the reader he understands the topic he is writing about. By creating emotional and logical appeals and establishing credibility, Shakely is successfulRead MoreThe Need for Stricter Gun Laws in Micheal Gawendas Book, Americas Lethal Affair with the Gun589 Words   |  3 Pagescontrolled way of approach. The intended audience of the article are the readers of The Age, as that is the source. Gawenda firmly believes that gun control laws in America are not strict enough, to persuade his readers, he uses a variety of persuasive devices, some used repetitively throughout the article. One persuasive device majority of the expository, was statistics. Throughout most paragraphs, the text includes the persuasive technique of statistics, for example, â€Å"Americans own an estimated 280 millionRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1573 Words   |  7 Pagespersuade readers of an opinion for two reasons, the issue of gun control is a terrible essay topic because there are too many emotions involved in gun control debates and because in general there is no good research on gun control. The only essays and articles available for research are articles filled with biased through the use of Aristotelian Appeals. Aristotelian Appeals include ethos, logos, and pathos each appeal using a different strategy to sway the readers opinion. The first appeal used byRead MoreZora Neale Hurstons Diction1250 Words   |  5 Pageswritten to allow readers to look through the eyes of a colored woman. Specifically, a colored woman living in early segregated America. Hurston described her experiences through emotion, credibility, reasoning, and appropriate timing. With these techniques, she clearly displayed pathos, ethos, logos, and kairos in her writing. Through these appeals, she successfully creates a strong case for her purpose in writing the essay. She intended to not only share her experiences, but to let readers perceive herRead MoreCritique of Rhetorical Appeals in A Call for Unity Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesA Call for Unity by Carpenter et al. makes use of logos and ethos to create a persuasive and convincing argument. By using these persuasive rhetoric appeals, Carpenter et al. manage to presents themselves and other non-Negro citizens in a favorable light by suggesting that they have expressed understanding ( Carpenter et al. 1) and been responsible citizens (2). Negro citizens, however, are presented as opposition determined to undermine the principles of law and order and common sense (2)Read More Invisible Man Essay: Tone and Language966 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has become that of infinite possibilities. 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Cleopatra Essay Research Paper Cleopatra Egyptian QueenCleopatra free essay sample

Cleopatra Essay, Research Paper Cleopatra Egyptian Queen Cleopatra is an astonishing adult female, She was known for many great endowments and great accomplishments. She was a really determined Macedonian queen. She went to many great lengths to maintain her clasp on the power she was left by will. It was said that Cleopatra was witty, capturing, and extremely intelligent. Through the research I have collected I will turn out to you that Cleopatra was an astonishing adult females. I will make this by bring outing facts of her male parents? decease, and how she took control of Alexandria, Her Early life, Her household life, Her consorts, and her love personal businesss with both Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Without farther bustle I present to you my Essay. Cleopatra, the Egyptian Queen was born in the twelvemonth 69 B.C in the metropolis of Alexandria, Egypt. When she was born her male parent held topographic point as leader of the metropolis. Her male parent? Ptolemy Auletes was the lone guardian known during Cleopatras? early life. ? ( Cleopatra website ) It is non said what happened to her female parent. It is a batch of times mistaken that Cleopatra was a really beautiful adult female, when in world she was non really attractive at all. Equally far as Cleopatras? early life there is non much recorded. Her life was non really public until the twelvemonth she turned 18. Cleopatra came from a instead big household. She is the in-between among many of brother and sisters. Unfortunately she was the lone miss in the household to populate past the age of 18. Her male parent Ptolemy Auletes raised Cleopatra ; Her female parent is unknown. Cleopatra had 5 siblings all runing in age, Cleopatra falling in the center. Cleopatra was besides the in-between sibling among the misss. The oldest in the household is Cleopatras? sister Cleopatra VI ; the 2nd is Bernice IV, so came Cleopatra. The last miss to be born in the household is her younger sister Arsinoe IV. None of Cleopatras? sisters lived to be past the age of 18. Her oldest sister Cleopatra VI, Died as a kid. Bernice The 2nd girl was beheaded. The male parent Ptolemy Auletes was responsible for Bernice? s slaying ; the ground was neer made clear. This left Cleopatra and her younger sister to be the lone females left in the household. Among her other siblings she had two younger brothers. The oldest male c hild? s name is Ptolemy XIII. Her 2nd brothers? name is Ptolemy XIV. Their male parent Ptolemy Auletes raised them all together in the castle. Cleopatras? male parent Ptolemy died in the twelvemonth 51 BC. At age 18 Cleopatra was left with a land to govern on her shoulders. The kids in the household, being Cleopatras? younger brothers and sister, were left to be raised by Pompey, a Roman leader. Pompey was a close friend to Ptolemy Auletes ( the male parent ) . Cleopatra was highly immature to be left with such a large duty, but she was determined to do it work. In the same twelvemonth Cleopatra was left the land, she was forced to hold a consort. Harmonizing to the Egyptian jurisprudence it had to be either a brother or a boy. This left Cleopatra with small options. She shortly was married to the oldest male child in her household, her brother Ptolemy XIII. At the clip of the consort Ptolemy XIII was merely at the age of 12. Soon into matrimony? Cleopatra dropped Ptolemys? name from every legal papers, paying no attending to the jurisprudence stating that the male presence be first among any CO-regents. ? ( Cleopatra Website ) Cleopatra besides had her ain portrayal printed on the money used during the clip. When Cleopatra received CO-regent she dreamed that Rome and Egypt could be ruled under one. Equally shortly as some work forces named Pothinus and Achillas realized how Cleopatra was taking over they got together and made a program. Soon they had overthrown Cleopatra for her brother Ptolemy XIII, the work forces believed he was much more to cover with. Soon after Cleoptra was overthrown and Ptomely XIII took over the two work forces became Ptolemys? council of regency. On top of subverting Cleopatra, they besides drove her to fly from Alexandria. She fled to a metropolis called Thebaid During the clip Cleopatra was fled she formed an ground forces out of Arab Tribes to seek and derive back her power. During this clip nevertheless, Ptolemy had a underhand secret plan of his ain. During the twelvemonth of 51 BC- 49 BC Egypt was enduring of bad crop and deficiency of grain growing due to the drouth that had been go oning. Ptolemy cognizing this and cognize how all the Egyptian metropoliss relied on the cargo of grain they got, which was promised to them by Cleopatra, signed a papers stating that grain could merely be shipped into Alexandria. He did this in hopes to strip Cleopatra of her protagonists from foreign metropoliss. By making this he gained the trust and control of the Egyptian metropoliss, for the people had thought it was Cleopatra who stopped their cargo. Ptolemy now had complete control. During this same clip Julius Caesar had won a civil was against Pompey. Pompey being the defender of Ptolemy and Cleopatra fled to Alexandria in hopes to acquire some support after his loss.He returned to happen no Cleopatra, and Ptolemy and Pothinus non desiring to be on the loosing side had Pompey beheaded. They besides believed this would delight Caesar. Within merely four yearss, Julius Caesar heard the intelligence and arrived in Alexandria. Ptolemy greeted Caesar, with the gift of the savored caput. Caesar was outraged. He was defeated because of the decease of a great Roman leader. However, the decease of Pompey was non the chief ground of Caesar? s visit, he was at that place to happen out what was traveling on between Ptolemy and Cleopatra. Once he found out about Cleopatra being driven out he commanded she return. When Cleopatra found out about Caesar? s visit to the castle she searched urgently to happen a manner to mouse into the castle without Ptolemy cognizing. The same twenty-four hours a rolled carpet was delivered to Caesar with a 19-year-old Cleopatra wrapped indoors. Caesar was surprised to hold her arrive the manner she did. Cleopatra cognizing how much Caesar disliked Ptolemy and his work forces, Cleopatra begged for him to assist her addition control of Alexandria back. Within a short clip of treatment between the two Caesar agreed to assist out Cleopatra. The same dark Caesar agreed to assist he fell under Cleopatras? enchantment. They became lovers. It did non take Ptolemy long to hear the intelligence. He was outraged. He stormed out of the castle shouting to everyone he had been betrayed and that Cleopatra was seeking to take over the land. He did this hoping to stir up the Egyptian Mob. At one time Caesar had his work forces Capture Ptolemy and brought him back to the castle. Shortly after a Great War started when Pothinus had Ptolemys? work forces try to assail Caesar. For making so Caesar had Pothinus executed. Ptolemy and Achillas, Ptolemy? s other council member dies cryptically. The Death of Ptolemy made Cleopatra exclusive swayer of Alexandria merely like Caesar had promised he would do go on. Once once more she was force to hold another consort because of the jurisprudence. This clip she married her other brother Ptolemy XIV, who was 11 at the clip. Many people believed the lone ground Caesar worked so difficult to do Cleopatra the exclusive swayer was because she bribed him with some the Egypt? s huge resources, others believed it was out of pure infatuation. Soon Cleopatra became pregnant with his babe. Once Caesar found out she was pregnant he took her on trip up the Nile. Cleopatra was treated as a Pharaoh. In the 47 BC Cleopatra gave birth to the babe male child Caesarion. In the twelvemonth 46 BC Caesar returns to Rome. A twelvemonth after his return He was granted the 10-year absolutism. To observe he brought over Cleopatra and Caesarion. This disquieted many people. They did non O.K. of Cleopatra. The people were even more disquieted when Caesar claimed Caesarion as his kid. He besides planned on get marrieding Cleopatra despite the fact that they had a jurisprudence against get marrieding aliens. All their programs came crashing down when Caesar was assented in the year44 BC. Cleopatra realized she and her boy were in great danger when she realized Caesar did non reference either of them in his will. Upon happening this out she fled back to Alexandria. Upon her reaching back in Alexandria one of Caesar? s close friends Mark Antony paid a visit to Cleopatra. Shortly after run intoing her he experience in love. A few hebdomads subsequently Cleopatra had her consort/brother Ptolemy XIV assented so her boy could take the topographic point as CO-ruler. Cleopatra grew really concerned about who would be in control of Rome following. She knew it would either be Mark Antony or Octavian, a well-known adult male in Rome at the clip. When Octavian went back to Italy really badly she knew Antony was the adult male to watch. Mark Antony invited Cleopatra to go with him. Cleopatra was thrilled. She wanted to maintain Antony stopping point and she knew merely how to acquire to him. She knew all about his vulgar yesteryear and new how much he loved coarse adult female. She put on a show for him, she dressed in really uncovering vesture and had herself fanned by her amahs. Many did thought it was really coarse but luckily Antony loved the show. He loved the thought of a aristocratic Ptolemy adult female. At the clip Mark Antony was married. However Cleopatra and Antony spent the winter of 40 BC together. In the spring he returned place. The same twelvemonth his married woman died. Later her married A adult female named Octavia. With Octavia Antony had 3 kids all misss. At the same clip Cleopatra had given birth to twins which Antony publically declared to be his. Their names were Cleopatra Selene and Alexander Helious. Through Antonys whole matrimony with Octavia he had Cleopatra as a kept woman. In 34 BC Antony gained control of Rome. He brought Cleopatra every bit good as their kids to the ceremonial where they were given their royal rubrics. Cleopatra was called the queen of male monarchs. Her boy Caesarion was the male monarch of male monarchs, her CO-ruler. Antonys and Cleopatras? other childs were given rubrics of male monarchs or Queenss of other Roman metropoliss. In 32 BC Antony eventually divorced his married woman Octavia. This forced the western portion of the universe, which Octavia was remaining to acknowledge his relation with Cleopatra. Octavian, Octavias brother was really disquieted with Antony and made programs to travel to war against Antony. He tried for many old ages but was non successful for a long clip. Finally in the twelvemonth 31 BC he defeated Antony. Upon making so he captured Cleopatra. For she had no power without Antony, he did non reference to go forth her the land in his will. Octavian took Cleopatra in as his ain slave. Caesarion was strangled. The other childs Cleopatra had with Antony were left to be cared for by Octavia, Antonys ex-wife. Cleopatra did non like the fact that she had to be a slave for Octavian. She was so abashed. In the twelvemonth 30 BC she committed self-destruction. She could non take the embarrassment. She died at the age of 39. She lived a short yet slightly sweet life. In Conclusion Cleopatra was an astonishing adult female. She went through so much to maintain her clasp in power. She survived a batch and was good known for many of the things she did and was involved in. Being swayer of a metropolis at age 18 is astonishing. She used her intelligence to ever happen ways to out humor everyone else. The deceases, the consorts, her love personal businesss and her opinion all build up to demo how much of an astonishing adult female she truly is. She did accomplish her deceasing with which was to neer be forgotten. She was one of the most singular swayers that of all time lived. She is known as the last Pharaoh. Page 1. Cleopatra Website www.Eleni.Cleo.Com all 2. Cleopatra: Ptolemic Dynasty www.Elei.Cleo.com All 3. Cleopatra and Juluis Caesar www.Eleni.Cleo.com All

Oedipus Rex Essays (948 words) - Operas, Oedipus The King

Oedipus Rex Was it that the gods were poking at him like a goldfish in a small glass jar? Was Oedipus's life actually foretold by a prophet before he was ever conceived? Or was it mere happenstance that Oedipus's life had fallen perfectly in place with the words of that prophet? Did fate play a major role in the life of Oedipus Rex, or was it just coincidence? Ah, fate and coincidence, destiny of chance, two totally opposite concepts. Yet one may just be the largest determining factor of life. Which one determines the events of Oedipus Rex all depends upon the views of the reader. Both ideas are strongly established as the drama unfolds. The ironic thing about it however is that the evidence which proves one to be present also proves the second to be present, and visa-versa. Meaning, most of the facts which support one of the concepts, are also the facts that support the other concept. For example, before Oedipus was born, a prophet of the god Apollo told King Laius that he and Jocasta would bear a son who would, among other things, marry his mother. Hoping to avert this, the King and Queen asked one of the shepherds to take their son to a mountain and leave the baby to die. Oedipus did, in fact, not die that day. He grew up, and by some strange coincidence, or through fate married the woman who was years ago told by a prophet that she would marry her son child. This child being of course Oedipus. One might assume that the words of that prophet were destiny, they were the unconditional future and nothing could run from them. However, it may also appear that the baby, who was given up to die, survived and by some strange coincidence grew up and found a wife who just happens to be his mother. This is not the only ironic happening we see in the play. When Jocasta and King Laius were being told of the future they were also told that their first-born son would grow up and kill his father. This is perhaps the main reason they attempted murdering the boy. In order for the reader to understand how coincidental these situations are they must first understand a little of the story's plot. When Oedipus is born King Laius tells his wife to kill the boy. Jocasta, not being able to do it herself calls upon a shepherd to do it for her. The shepherd out of pity gives the infant to a slave from the Greek City of Cornith. Oedipus grows up in Cornith believing that he is the son of King Polybus and Queen Merope. One day Oedipus receives a message from a prophet which declared that he will kill his father and marry his mother. In fear of the prophecy he decides to leave Cornith, never to see his parents again. After leaving Cornith Oedipus kills an old man out of rage and continues on his way to Thebes. There he meets the monstrous being known as the sphinx. The Sphinx has a great power over the town of Thebes. This power can only be broken if a tricky riddle is solved. Oedipus solves the riddle and is hailed as savior of the city. He is appointed king and is granted marriage to the former Queen of Thebes. This Queen is the wife of the old man Oedipus killed early in his journey and is also the mother of the boy who was sent to Cornith. Oedipus is that boy, King Laius is the old man, Oedipus's father, and The Queen is Queen Jocasta, Oedipus's mother. After a few golden years as the king of Thebes, Oedipus must again save the city's people from a deadly plague. He believes that the solution or cure to this wild fire like affliction is finding the murderer of the former King Laius. Oedipus develops such rage for this killer that he will stop at almost nothing to find him. He states in his proclamation to Thebes: " As for the criminal, I pray to God- Whether it be a lurking thief, or one of a number- I pray that that man's life be consumed in evil and wretchedness And as for me, this curse applies no less If it should turn out that culprit is my guest here, Sharing my hearth. " Little does he know that this hatred is directed to himself. In his search for the killer he

Grover Cleveland essays

Grover Cleveland essays Grover Cleveland was born March 18th, 1837 in Caldwell, New Jersey. He was the fifth child in the family of four brothers and five sisters. His fathers name is Richard Falley Cleveland, who was a Presbyterian minister and relative to the founder of Cleveland Ohio. Grovers mother, Ann Neal Cleveland was the daughter of a publisher. The family had little money and moved frequently. He attended schools such as Fayetteville and Clinton, New York, and began working at the age of 14 as a clerk for Fayetteville general store. When Grover was 16, his father died, leaving him and his brothers to support their mother and sisters. Cleveland joined with an older brother of his who was teaching at the New York Institution for the blind and worked there for a year. At 17 years old, Grover decided to head west for more opportunities. He wanted to settle in Cleveland Ohio, but instead stopped at Buffalo N.Y. to see his mothers uncle. His uncle persuaded him to stay and Grover worked with him for six months. Afterwards he decided to be a lawyer. He worked as a clerk in the law office of Rogers Bowen, and studied there. Working hard for $4.00 a week, which had to pay for room board at the home of a fellow clerk. Two of Grovers brothers served in the Union Army during the Civil War, Cleveland had to stay and support his mother and sisters. Cleveland entered in the politics scene as a ward worker for the Democratic Party in Buffalo. He served as a ward supervisor in 1862 and as an assistant district attorney of Erie County. Was elected sheriff in 1870. The city of Buffalo at the time had a corrupt administration. As demand for improvement grew, the quicker Grover was elected to run as mayor in 1881. Cleveland vetoed so many padded city contracts that he became known as the veto mayor. Clevelands reputation for good government made him a national figure. The Republ ...

Early American Aircraft Development and World War I

Early American Aircraft Development and World War I While human warfare dates back to at least the 15th Century when the Battle of Megiddo  (15th century BC) was fought between Egyptian forces and a group of Canaanite vassal states led by the king of  Kadesh, air combat is barely more than a century old.  The Wright brothers made the first flight in history in 1903 and in 1911 aircraft were first used for warfare by Italy using planes to bomb Libyan tribesmen.  In World War I, aerial warfare would play a major for both sides with dogfights first taking place in 1914 and by 1918 the British and German were making widespread use of bombers to attacking each others cities. By the end of World War I, more than 65,000 airplanes had been built. The Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk On December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright piloted first powered airplane flights in history over the windy beaches of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.  The Wright brothers made four flights that day; with Orville taking the first flight that lasted a mere twelve seconds and traversed 120 feet.  Wilbur piloted the longest flight which covered 852 feet and lasted 59 seconds.  They choose Kitty Hawk due to the constant winds of the Outer Banks that helped to lift their aircraft off the ground. Aeronautical Division Created On August 1, 1907, the United States established the Aeronautical Division of the Office of the Chief Signal Caller.  This group was placed in â€Å"charge of all matters pertaining to military ballooning, air machines, and all kindred subjects.† The  Wright brothers  made the initial test flights in August 1908 of what they hoped would become the Armys first airplane, the Wright Flyer. This had been built to military specifications.  In order to be awarded a military contract for their aircraft, the Wright brothers had to prove that their planes were able to carry passengers. First Military Casualty   On September 8 and 10, 1908, Orville conducted exhibition flights and carried two different Army officers for a plane ride.  On September 17th Orville made his third flight carrying Lieutenant Thomas E. Selfridge, who became the very first U.S. military personnel to be a casualty from an airplane crash. In front of a crowd of 2,000 spectators, Lt. Selfridge was flying with Orville Wright when the right propeller broke causing the craft to lose thrust and go into a nosedive. Orville turned off the engine and was able to an altitude of about 75 feet, but the Flyer still hit the ground nose-first. Both Orville and Selfridge were thrown forward with Selfridge striking a wooden upright of the framework causing a fractured skull which led to his death a few hours later. In addition, Orville suffered several severe injuries which included a broken left thigh, several broken ribs, and a damaged hip. Orville spent seven weeks in a hospital recuperating. While Wright was wearing a cap, Selfridge was not wearing any headgear but had Selfridge had been wearing any type of helmet, he more than likely would have survived the crash. Due to Selfridges death, the U.S. Army required their early pilots to wear heavy headgear which was reminiscent of football helmets from that era. On August 2, 1909, the Army chose a revamped Wright Flyer which had undergone much more testing as the first powered fixed-wing aircraft.  On May 26, 1909, Lieutenants Frank P. Lahm and Benjamin D. Foulois had become the first U.S. serviceman to qualify as Army pilots.   Aero Squadron Formed The 1st Aero Squadron, also known as the 1st Reconnaissance Squadron, was formed on March 5, 1913, and it remains as America’s oldest flying unit.  President William Taft ordered the unit organized due to increasing tensions between the U.S. and Mexico.  At its’ origin, the 1st Squadron had 9 airplanes with 6 pilots and approximately 50 enlisted men. On March 19, 1916, General John J. Pershing ordered the 1st Aero Squadron to report to Mexico and therefore the first U.S. aviation unit to participate in military action.  On April 7, 1916, Lt. Foulois became the very first American pilot to be captured even though he was only held for a day. Their experience in Mexico taught both the Army and the U.S. Government a very valuable lesson. The Squadron’s main weakness was that it had too few airplanes to properly conduct a military operation.  World War I was teaching the importance of each squadron having 36 total airplanes: 12 operational, 12 for replacements, and 12 more in reserve of 12. The 1st Aero Squadron consisted of only 8 airplanes with minimal spare parts. In April 1916 with only 2 airplanes in the flyable condition in the 1st Aero Squadron, the Army requested a $500,000 appropriation from Congress to purchase 12 new airplanes – the Curtiss R-2’s that were equipped with Lewis guns, automatic cameras, bombs, and radios After much delay, the Army did receive 12 Curtiss R-2s but they were practical for the Mexican climate and required alterations which took until August 22, 1916, to get 6 planes into the air. As a result of their mission, the 1st Squadron was able to General Pershing with the first aerial review conducted by a U.S. air unit. US Aircraft in World War I When the United States entered World War I on April 6, 1917, the countries aircraft industry was mediocre in comparison to Great Britain, Germany, and France, each of which had been involved in the war from the onset and had learned firsthand about the strengths and weaknesses of combat-ready aircraft.  This was true even though there had been more than ample funding provided by the U.S. Congress around the start of the war.   On July 18, 1914, the U.S. Congress replaced the Aeronautical Division with the Aviation Section of the Signal Corps.  In 1918, the Aviation Section then became the  Army Air Service.  It would not be until September 18, 1947, that the United States Air Force was formed as a separate branch of the U.S. military  under the National Security Act of  1947. Although the U.S. never reached the same degree of aviation production experienced by their European counter-parts countries during World War I, starting in 1920 numerous changes were made that resulted in the Air Force becoming a major military organization in time to help the United States prevail in World War II.

Non Profit Organizations Inter Agency Collaboration Thesis

Non Profit Organizations Inter Agency Collaboration - Thesis Example horities will seek to align and incorporate strategic objectives while retaining flexibility and influence over outcomes and assuring value for money† (21). This implies that the vision shared by the collaborating agencies call for an alignment of their business culture and aspirations for comparable levels of service quality that entails commitment to openness between these agencies (Foster, 2002). In the case of non profit organizations, collaboration between agencies is usually the practice in the implementation of joint projects for the welfare of their stakeholders. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) uses â€Å"nonprofit† as a legal term referring to organizations that may only use their revenues for their charitable or educational mission rather than profiting from their projects and distributing the profits to owners or shareholders (Eschenfelder, 2007). These nonprofit organizations are classified as tax exempt. Those who donate to public charity can claim a tax deduction (Berry, 2005). Unlike governments, non-profit agencies have no taxing authority, so they are reliant on charitable donations, volunteerism and grants from private foundations and government (Eschenfelder, 2007). It follows that nonprofit organizations face the perennial challenge of securing funds to cover costs of implementing their mission. Arsenault (1998) contends that nonprofit organizations maintain separate systems simultaneously: that of obtaining resources and another system serving their consumers. On the contrary, for-profit organizations operate only under one system that involves consumers purchasing products and services for the revenue generation of the organization – both processes happening simultaneously in just one system (148). In addition, nonprofits that use volunteers manage two human resources systems: the employed staff and another system for the volunteers. It is apparent that planning a nonprofit merger is more complex due to all the considerations

Reflection paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection paper - Assignment Example Besides, written English contains many punctuation errors especially in the use of a full stop, comma and semicolon. With respect to this, I understood that long sentences not only confuse the reader by the wordy content, but it also a challenge in marking the best punctuations. As simple as spoken English seems to be, working with articles was one of my greatest challenges in the written form. Through the support of my instructor and class tutorials, I learnt that the article â€Å"THE† is appropriate in front of a noun familiar to the reader. Whereas, A /AN can only be used by countable nouns. That is to say nouns with justifiable plurals. More interestingly, I pointed out that THE article is applicable in dynamic situations alters sentence fragment to give a different meaning. Consequently, as an ESL student, grammar was my serious challenge, as illustrated by our English instructor ‘no one can perfect his grammar unless through consistent

The Beach Essay Example for Free

The Beach Essay On a hot summer day the best place to be is the Beach. Have you ever been so hot you could melt, and just want to play in the cold, salty ocean? I have! The best felling is the wet, grainy, sand between your toes. When you go to the beach all you see is the clear blue ocean, colorful umbrellas, and the silky white seagulls. But be careful, the seagulls will eat your food right out of your hands! Who doesn’t like the beach? If youre looking for a quiet relaxation at the beach, I dont think that will work out too well. Though out the day all you hear are the clear blue wave’s crash against the rough yellow sand, the loud motors of the boats, and the laughter of children everywhere. But in the morning or at night the beach could be quite relaxing. If you want to just relax and watch the beautiful sunrise, while the breeze blows your hair back the beach in the morning is perfect for you. The beach has many different interesting smells. There’s the smell of fruity coconut suntan lotion, the salty ocean, and the smell of delicious smores being roasted over the fire. At the beach you can also smell the dirty fish in the sea. With the bright sun shining down on you, you will forget all about the bad smelling fish. Other than the smell of fish all the other smells are really delightful. I love the beach! All of the smells, sights and felling of being at the beach are the best. The beach is a lot of fun. It is also a good place to go with your family and friends. As you can see there are a lot of good things about the beach. If you have never been to the beach you don’t know what you’re missing. Alexis Gonzalez

Tobacco Essay -- social issues

Tobacco Tobacco is one of the leading preventable causes of death in the United States. Nicotine, which is an alkaloid derived from the tobacco plant, is a potent chemical that has powerful effects on the human body, especially when administered rapidly or at high doses. Prenatal exposure to nicotine is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, including altered neural structure and functioning, cognitive deficits, and behavior problems in the offspring (9). At least 20% - 30% of pregnant women are estimated to smoke cigarettes, although smoking is associated with low birth weight, prematurity and infant mortality. In the United States, smoking accounts annually for estimated fetal deaths ranging from 19,000 to 141,000, for 1,900 to 4,800 deaths during or immediately after parturition, and for 1,200 to 2,200 death from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (7). Maternal smoking has been implicated in long term deficits in infant mental development and adverse behavioral problems in children such as attention disorder. Nicotine crosses the human placenta and has direct effects on the developing fetus. Pre-clinical studies suggest that maternal smoking during pregnancy produces changes on the offspring's neural functioning, including reductions in uptake of serotonin, alterations in dopaminergic systems, alterations in peripheral and central noradrenergic neurons, and changes in DNA and RNA synthesis in the brain (9). Children prenatally exposed to nicotine consistently score lower in the two subcategories of expressive language and conceptual comprehension. Evidence from studies of human neonates suggests that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with increased rates of neurobehavioral difficulties. Several studies have linked maternal smoking during pregnancy with childhood inattention, impulsivity, and motor hyperactivity in offspring. Similarly, maternal smoking during pregnancy has been associated with parent-teacher ratings of conduct problems in children and a criminal record in young adults. A study by Yousef Tzabi suggested that cigarette smoking during pregnancy may be one of the causes of hyperactivity and learning deficits in children. In a laboratory study with Sprague-Dawley mice, it was shown that hyperactive male pups that were exposed to nicotine prenatally had significantly higher nicotinic receptor concentrations in the... ...ironment is relatively hypoxic, and corresponding cardiac functional deficits would thus contribute to the high incidence of fetal mortality. Just as impaired cardiac function during hypoxia in neonatal rats can account for the increase in mortality with prolonged hypoxia, comparable effects in man would provide a mechanism for cardiovascular collapse and consequent brain damage or death during delivery. The consequences of smoking during pregnancy are very dramatic. If clinicians are able to convince their patients to stop smoking early in their pregnancy, a major impact may be made on the incidence of low birth weight infants, perinatal morbidity and mortality, as well as cognitive deficits and behavioral problems in the offspring. A strong statement has to be made on the issue of tobacco exposure during pregnancy. This could be accomplished by informing women that their infants may not only be "smaller" than their nonsmoking counterparts, but their infants may also have transient or permanent changes in their lung and brain ultrastructure. A patient who is informed of these possible long-term effects of nicotine on her child may be more successful with her smoking cessation.

ISO 9000 and SEARS Quality Management System Essay

What issues do you think that a large company such as sears had to face in implementing ISO 9000 across its vast organization? Implementing ISO 9000 is not an easy task. The ISO 9000 standards originally were intended to be advisory in nature and to be used for two-party contractual situations and for internal auditing. Rather than a supplier being audited for compliance to the standards by each customer, the registrar certifies the company, and this certification is accepted by all of the supplier’s customers. Using ISO 9000 as a basis for a quality system can improve productivity, decrease costs, and increase customer satisfaction. It also have resulted in increased use of data as a business management tool, increased management commitment. As Sears is concerned after an eight year effort, the company registered its product repairs centers and in-home services quality management system to ISO 9001. The original ISO 9000:1994 only required that the organization have a documented, verifiable process in place to ensure that it consistently produces what it says it will. ISO 9000- focuses on Fundamental and vocabulary. This document provides fundamental background information and establishes definition of key terms used in the standards. How are the ISO 9000:2000 Quality management principles reflected in this example? How might these principles have helped sears address the issues you identified in the first question? Is a response to the widespread dissatisfaction that resulted from the old standards. The new standards have a completely new structure, based on eight principles – â€Å"comprehensive and fundamental rules or beliefs for leading and operating an organization† that reflect the basic principles of total quality. These eight principles were voted on, and overwhelmingly approved, at a conference in 1997 attended by 36 representatives of countries that have delegates in the TC 176 committee, charged with the responsibilities of revising the ISO 9000 standards. The eight principles consisted: customer focus, leadership, involvement of people, process approach, system approach to management, continual improvement, factual approach to decision making, mutually beneficial supplier relationships. This standard focuses on developing, documenting,  and implementing procedures to ensure consistency of operations and performance in production and service delivery processes, with the aim of continual improvement, and supported by fundamental principles of total quality.

Beowulf: a Heroic-Elegiac Poem

Beowulf: A Heroic Elegiac Poem Beowulf is definitely a heroic-elegiac poem. Beowulf was a hero to many. He exhibited, the traits of a â€Å"good king†. He was a warrior with extraordinary abilities which made him seem superhuman. He was selfless choosing to protect the masses rather than himself. This was an act of generosity, as well as, great loyalty. There are many references in the poem to the ancestors of both Beowulf and Hrothgar. They are referred to with reverence regardless to whether they were good or bad. The references are made as lessons to the present and future kings and queens.As a heroic-elegiac poem, Beowulf begins with an example of a bad king to contrast him with a good king. Shield Sheafson who was not a good king because he demanded that clans far and wide pay homage to him. He destroyed mead halls and rampaged through the countryside. He was selfish and cruel. His heir, Beow, would be the antithesis of his father. He would be a blessing to the Danes. Beo w would be known for his generosity which garnered him loyal followers. Beow was the grandfather of Hrothgar. Hrothgar was loyal, courageous, generous and protective of his kingdom.Hrothgar was a good king like his father and grandfather before him. He would decide to build a mead hall where he could share his treasures and good fortune with his people, a place where they could feast and rejoice. These events described here prove that, in fact, Beowulf is a heroic poem. The mead hall, Heorot, would only be a safe haven for a short while. The hall would come under attack. Grendel, a monster, would be annoyed by the sounds of gaiety day in and day out. Grendel would begin to terrorize the hall murdering many before the would be abandoned due to fear. Hrothgar kingdom was gripped in terror.Beowulf heard of Hrothgar’s plight and decided he needed his help. Beowulf was known to have the strength of thirty men in each arm. He would travel to Hrothgar’s kingdom to volunteer t o be their defender against Grendel. He demonstrated selflessness, courage and generosity for the people of another land. All these are attributes of a good king and hero as shown in the poem. The transitory state of human relationships is shown in the repeated conquests of Beowulf. Beowulf killed Grendel and then he would have to kill Grendel’s mother who was seeking revenge for her child’s death.He was rewarded many times over by Hrothgar and he shared his good fortune with his men. Hrothgar offered him the throne. Beowulf declined in deference to the rightful heirs. Beowulf, eventually, becomes the king of the Geats. â€Å"He ruled (it) well for fifty winters, grew old and wise as warden of the land. † He is tested for a final time. His kingdom is threatened by a dragon. Beowulf challenges the dragon alone and he is mortally wounded. Wiglaf was the only warrior to remain by his side. Wiglaf stated, â€Å"Anyone ready to admit the truth will surely realize th at the lord of men who showered you with gifts and gave you he armor you are standing in—when he would distribute helmets and mail-shirts to men on the mead-benches, a prince treating his thanes in the hall to the best he could find, far or near—was throwing weapons uselessly away. It would be a sad waste when the war broke out. Beowulf had little cause to brag about his armed guard; yet God who ordains who wins or loses allowed him to strike with his own blade when bravery was needed. There was little I could do to protect his life in the heat of the fray, but I found new strength welling up when I went to help him.Then my sword connected and the deadly assaults of our foe grew weaker, the fire coursed less strongly from his head. But when the worst happened too few rallied around the prince. So it is good-bye now to all you know and love on your home ground, the open-handedness, the giving of war- swords. Every one of you with freehold of land, our whole nation, will be dispossessed, once princes from beyond get tidings of how you turned and fled and disgraced yourselves. A warrior will sooner die than live a life of shame. † This excerpt from the poem shows the transitory state of human relationships proving Beowulf is an elegiac poem.

Argumentative Essay

Argumentative Essay Argumentative Essay Argumentative Essay Argumentative essay must be developed on specific arguments.   It is a must.   Argumentative essay can be based on your personal opinion; however, it will be weak if you do not provide specific examples supporting your point of view.   From the first lines of your argumentative essay, your position on the discussed issue should be clear to the reader.   Nevertheless, it does not mean that you should not mention an opposite opinions.   On the contrary, your argumentative essay should include specific references to other side of the debate.   Writing an argumentative essay about smoking ban, for example, you should definitely think about both sides of the argument, choose the one you support, explain why it is right as well as mention why the other side is wrong.   If you use secondary sources (articles, journals, books, and the Internet), you must give a credit to the author - do not forget to cite everything you use! Writing an Argumentative Essay Writing an essay you must avoid plagiarism!   Your argumentative essay must be written in your own words.   Take into account that paraphrasing is the same as plagiarism!   Plan your time wisely to avoid rush.   It is possible to write a good argumentative essay overnight for an experienced writer; but it is hardly achievable for an average student.   Thus, give yourself at least a couple of days to write, structure, and revise your argumentative essay.   Do not forget about argumentative essay editing - ask your friend or a parent to read your essay aloud. Does it sound convincing?   Does it flow logically? Argumentative Essay Writing Every step of argumentative essay writing must be carefully reviewed.   You cannot simply submit an essay without even reading it for the second time.   Usually, there are many mistakes you may not have noticed. For example, you had an idea in mind but did not express it clearly or omitted the word.   Such mistakes are not very serious but they will definitely affect your grade negatively.   Ordering custom writing service, you receive perfect argumentative essay written by experienced writer.   You may ask for revisions and amendments as many times as you want.   Argumentative essay is very interesting to write but it becomes a real challenge if you do not know how to start writing it.

The Incredible Disappearing LinkedIn Profile - Part II

The Incredible Disappearing LinkedIn Profile - Part II In March, I published an article which now turns out to be Part 1  of this series on the disappearing acts LinkedIn has been playing. I covered the Summary section, job descriptions, contact information, the Interests section, e-mail subject lines, saved searches, alumni and other top navigation items, tagging and notes, and LinkedIn group features. Since then, many people have written to me with questions about how to find additional â€Å"lost† features with the new LinkedIn, so I’m publishing Part II! Here are some of the things you might have noticed have changed or gone missing in the new LinkedIn, plus a correction to the first item. 1. Your summary section. Last month I reported that the first 210 characters (including spaces) are visible when you initially view someone’s profile. It turns out there’s a range of characters that might appear, from about 205 to about 230. Everyone’s profile is different, and it’s not exactly clear why. Fewer characters appear on the mobile app than on the desktop app, so make sure you write a great hook in your first 10-15 words! Here’s what my summary looks like on desktop: And here it is on mobile: Test yours and make it look great! And make sure to put a unique selling proposition in your first 10-15 words so you grab attention quickly. 2. Advice for contacting. There used to be an option under your Contact Information section to write a few lines about whom you want to contact/connect with you and why. It no longer exists sorry folks! 3. Creating and viewing secondary language profiles. Several people have written to me to say they can’t figure out how to add a profile in a second language. Don’t worry – the feature is still there! It has just moved. Check out the right-hand column to find the option to â€Å"Create a profile in another language.† Here’s what the screen will look like: And here’s your list of language choices: What HAS disappeared, at least for now, is the ability to view someone’s secondary language profile directly from their primary language profile. As LinkedIn said to me when I asked about this issue, â€Å"The ability to see other members [sic] secondary language profiles has not been fully re-implemented back into the new user interface.† If you happen to know or strongly suspect that someone has a profile in a second language, I encourage you to Google their name with the word â€Å"LinkedIn† – such as â€Å"Juan Ortiz LinkedIn† – to discover all profiles under that name. If they have an uncommon name you will likely find their multiple profiles. If they have a common name, it will be more difficult. You could also write to the person to ask if they can provide the profile URL for their secondary language profile. 4. Saved posts and suggested reading. LinkedIn has talked a big talk about the option to save articles and get suggested reading, but how do you do it? Both of these options are located on the mobile app only. To save articles on your phone, open the article you want to save and click on the ribbon icon in the upper right. Or you may need to click the 3 dots first: The article will automatically save. See the LinkedIn Help article on  saving, retrieving, and deleting articles on Pulse. For feed preferences, click on the gear to the right of your search bar when viewing your profile to reveal an Account tab and a Feed Preferences option under that. Click on the gear to go here: Click on Feed Preferences to get to this screen: Click â€Å"Follow fresh perspectives† and you’ll be able to follow people who post articles on the topics of your choice. 5. â€Å"Trending Storylines.† LinkedIn has been promoting this feature for quite a while, without mentioning that there might not be anything on your desktop or mobile app that actually says â€Å"Trending.† On my desktop app, the section says â€Å"Suggested for you.† Have you seen a screen that says â€Å"Trending†? I’d love to see what that looks like. Please let me know! 6. LinkedIn Groups. I mentioned in my previous article that while LinkedIn Groups are still around, there’s a lot of talk that they might be becoming irrelevant or extinct. What I didn’t cover is how to find them! They are under the catch-all â€Å"Work† tab: 7. Controlling the order of your sections. You can no longer rearrange your major sections like Summary, Experience, Education, Volunteer Experience, etc. So you won’t be able to customize your profile based on which sections are most important in your individual experience. While on the one hand I am sad about this change, I also think it makes things easier for readers who know what to expect to see where. You still have the ability to rearrange positions within your Experience section IF you have more than one current position or two positions that cover the exact same time period. To arrange your positions, hover over the 4-bar icon under the pencil icon and, if you qualify according to the parameters above, you’ll get a plus sign with arrows that you can click on to drag and drop the position you want to move. 8. Profile Strength Meter – and 100% Complete Profiles You’ll be able to see your own strength meter when you’re viewing your own profile, but you can no longer see anyone else’s profile strength. Additionally, there is no longer such thing as a â€Å"100% Complete Profile.† The best you can do is aim for â€Å"All-Star† status, if you’re not already there, by answering the questions LinkedIn presents to you when you log in. Okay, those are the main items that have come up since March. What else did I miss? Please ask any additional questions you may have about the new LinkedIn redesign. I promise to answer them if there are enough to warrant a Part 3!

Orwell's 1984 paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Orwell's 1984 paper - Essay Example a similar profoundly satiric allusion to the Communist Manifesto, which was published in 1848 and was a highly influential book of its time in terms of political ideology. It promoted the ideology of Communism and was written by the famous communist theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. As its name depicts the book was all about the political ideology of overthrowing the† bourgeois† and bringing the working classes (â€Å"the proletariat) to power. George Orwell (whose real name was Eric Blair) makes satiric allusions to the communist manifesto and the regime it sought to promote. He was not anti-communist but towards the end of his career he felt disillusioned by the mechanics and â€Å"manifesto† of the Communists. He believed that such an ideology would always deteriorate into a dictatorial regime. The novel alludes largely to the situation of the regimes who took to the communist ideals (especially the case of Russia and the USSR) and how the Communist Manifesto fast moved away from its real aim of the emancipation of the working classes from the bourgeoisie. The theme of the story in 1984 depicts the world in the year â€Å"1984† in the setting and assumption the Communist movement has successfully dominated the world. The main Character of Emmanuel Goldstein is an allusion to Marx and Lenin who were the most prominent leaders and supporters of the Communist ideology.One of the strongest allusions to the Communist manifesto (and to some extent Lenin’s book on communism called† Testament"),is when Orwell states in his book that the fictitious Communist leader Goldstein writes a book called "The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism".He goes further to describe his Communist â€Å" hero† as having a â€Å"a lean Jewish face,(with) †¦.. fuzzy aureole of white hair" which if carefully examined reminds us of the appearance of Marx who wrote the Communist Manifesto. His bitterness can be seen further when he writes that Goldstein is deceiving the

MGT 501 Mod 2 SLP assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGT 501 Mod 2 SLP assignment - Essay Example This paper aims to project my reflection regarding my own personality traits as interpreted by the conducted test and its impact on overall effectiveness at work and overall career experiences. The Human metrics Jung Typology Test has also been undertaken to evaluate the peculiar traits that would help me in undertaking analysis. Following are the statistics provided as the test result: You have  moderate  preference of Extraversion over Introversion (33%) You have  slight  preference of Intuition over Sensing (12%) You have  marginal or no  preference of Thinking over Feeling (1%) You have  slight  preference of Perceiving over Judging (22%) (HumanMetrics, 2013) As per the results of the test, I found out that I am 33% of extravert, 12% institutive and perceiving is 22%. Also, my thinking capacity in complex decision ordained situations is 1%. As per the results, it is evident that I am a person who likes to socialize with people because they will motivate me the mos t. In other words, I would put more effort in teaming up with other individuals at work so that the end product is achievable by the team as a whole. This accomplishment of the team would furthermore enthrall the motivation level within me. This means that I am more likely to be effective at workplace when I am associated in a group combination. This also proves me as a person who does not want to keep ideas to myself. I am rather an expressive person who can undertake tasks of presentation which is one essential component in management career (Chatfield, 2007). Since I am not judgmental as per the score I have received after the test, it is probable that I can undertake risks and challenges. I believe that it is important to be versatile when it comes to work. In this way, I can learn a lot of things which will play as a motivational point for me. Limiting work is called the limitation that one puts against the better opportunities. Also, the aspect of judging can also be taken in terms of the coworkers I would work with. If a person becomes judgmental about the coworkers then it is more likely that adjustment to the team or group task would become difficult. Perceiving will make my working experience effective because one person is able to perceive people and environment by undergoing facts and in depth peculiarities (Semler, 2001). Another factor that makes my working effective or more likely to help me undergo progress during my career experience is intuiting. I am not among those who would sense things by undertaking an in depth analysis of the data and fixtures. I am more into inclining towards the patterns in which things would work. There are times at work when a person is expected to make decision based upon a precise analysis. In that case, I am sure that I can excel and make rather correct decisions. I rely more on my gut feeling which is advantageous for people who are in financial market (Karsten, 2006). My weakening point which might stop me to p rogress in terms of career is the decision making skills. As per the personality scoring, I have understood that I am more of a person who would think emotionally. I am quiet aware of the fact that practical life needs many decision making check points. One has to be practical rather than being emotional because it does not involve relationship (D'Almeida, 2007). I also believe that workplace is more of a station where you have to compete with others and make sure that even if you are working in a team, you are able to make sure that your commitment to the task leader is

Cutting Edge Issues in Service Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cutting Edge Issues in Service - Assignment Example Through the above activities the company tends to effectively communicate with their consumers in terms of offers and opportunities available (Perrys-a, 2012; Brink and Berndt, 2009, p.36-39). It is found from the above discussion that Perrys depends largely on the internet to help market its products and services to a larger consumer base in the United Kingdom market. Internet has emerged as one of the growing mediums for helping in the sale of automobile products to a larger consumer space in reflecting a rise of around 11 percent in automobile sales during 2010 as against 2009. On the contrary the sales in units through other mediums failed to reflect any such rise. With the help of the internet the automobile dealers can effectively communicate the different offerings and other value additions rendered in the automobiles to the consumers in an enhanced fashion. Along with internet the telephone communication also appears to have rendered high amount of effectiveness in the dealer ship functions related to sales of new and used cars to the consumers. In total the internet and telephone communication media has helped to increase the sales of automobiles by around 9 percent during the 2009 to 2010 period. Thus the automobile dealers tend to enhance their relationship with the consumers in an effective fashion with the help of internet and telecommunication media (Mintel Group Limited; Plunkett, 2006). Again the use of internet as a communication tool used by car dealerships helps in retaining a large pool of customers.

Ethical Stance for Research on Sustainable Tourism

Ethical Stance for Research on Sustainable Tourism Introduction Dr Jim Macbeth (2005, p.963), a lecturer and researcher in Australia who specialises in tourism research, has put forward the argument that, in the modern world, the stakeholders involved with the tourism industry, primarily the educators, developers and providers, need to find an â€Å"ethical† stance that will create a natural and appropriate platform for studying sustainability in tourism. To assess the validity of this assessment, one has to first consider the way that tourism research has been conducted and evolved in recent decades, together with the approach that has been used by the tourism industry in dealing with and combining the ethical and sustainability issues. From this a discussion on the relevance of ethical issues that are needed to address sustainability can be developed. Tourism Research As Dr Macbeth (2005) observes, historically, tourism research had evolved into a multi-faceted approach, which is based upon the four main threads outlined in the study conducted by Jafa Jafari (1990). In the initial stages, such research concentrated mainly upon the economic aspects of the tourism process. Being directed in this manner, the result of this research tended to emphasise the fiscal benefits that developing tourism would bring to a particular destination and the commercial organisations. However, with the increasing prevalence of the implementation of the economic research and their impact on destinations, researchers began to ask questions about the adverse social and cultural effect tourism was having. These two processes covered the tourism industry through the era of growth in mass-tourism. Alternative Tourism The third stage of tourism industry research development moved to the study of a new tourism phenomenon, alternative tourism, Initially, this was just seen and studied as a different level of tourist consumer, one whose demands and expectations were more than just the for the sun, sea and sand vocation of the mass-market vacation. These are the tourist who want independent and self-fulfilling vacations, ones that provided a unique level of escape. They were seeking the more active vacations, ones that gave the feeling of â€Å"self-autonomy and self-invention† (Cohen and Taylor, 1992, p.25) It was as a result of this movement that the educational institutions, particularly universities, became more interested in treating tourism as a bona-fide study subject. Universities increasingly offered courses aimed specifically at tourism as they took a deeper interest in the subject. Jafa Jafari (1990) was also correct in his prediction that the global educational commitment to tourism has increased at a faster rate from the date of his publication than it did previously. In addition, the educationalists, scholars and researchers have expanded the areas of their research into other and dedicated aspects of the subject. Sustainability In the last two decades two areas of tourism have attracted particular attention in educational and research, these being sustainability and ethics, in that order. Sustainability, which has been a driving focus in business for several decades, was the first area that caught the interest of tourism researchers. Initially it was approached on the basis of how to protect and maintain the attraction of destinations that were experiencing mass tourism growth. However, with the advent of increasing concerns regarding protection of the historical and natural environment, together with the increased interest in the physical damage that man was causing the climate, the scope of research into sustainability in tourism broadened significantly. Studies were conducted into ways in which destinations of historical and cultural interest could be exploited for tourism purposes, and to the economic benefit of the local community, whilst at the same time ensuring that the sites remained intact and did not become damaged or adversely affected by the increasing tourist traffic influx. Sustainability in natural destinations also received a lot of attention. The question of how one managed the dichotomy of conflicting issue that arise between the expectation and perception of the tourist consumer on the one hand, and the sustainability requirements of the destination on the other, were issues that resulted in a number of studies. For example, as Dr Macbeth (2005) has observed in terms of â€Å"wildlife† tourism, one has to decide how far to provide the natural experience of wildlife adventure that the tourists demands, whilst at the same time allowing the wildlife the ability to be sustained in their own environment. The discussion as to whether limited captivity, as is the case of the safari parks of Africa, provided a sustainable answer, namely would it still provide the experience that the tourist consumer required although not strictly a natural experience, was undertaken. One study into this specific subject by Newsome, Hughes and Macbeth (2005) showed t hat captive wildlife, seen in a natural setting, received a positive response from the tourists, fulfilling their expectations, whilst at the same time this environment offered some protection for the animals and their habitat. Similar issues and concerns have arisen regarding the tourist attraction to natural places of outstanding beauty, such as lakes and mountains. Here again, studies have concentrated on the complex issue of how to satisfy the tourism need without allowing that need to destroy the environment being enjoyed. However, problems began to develop when the theories were put into practice. As Fennell (2006, p.1) mentions in his book, a â€Å"negative backlash that has come about regarding the so-called ‘new tourism.’† One of the main reasons for this was that not all of the stakeholders involved in the tourism research were being adequately considered. As Fennell (2006, p.4) explains, there are three significant human sides to this triangle, being the tourist, the organisation that arranges the travel or vacation, and those who reside at or close to the destination. As a result of these mounting concerns, the issue of â€Å"ethics† began to arise. Ethics Ethics are codes that are derived and constructed from the moral value that is attached to an action, and they apply to every aspect of our lives. In other words the fundamental ethos of ethics dictates that the action or behaviour of a person, group or organisation should be appropriate to the issue and be seen to be conforming to the expectations of those affected by that behaviour (Fennell 2006, p.57). Like the word â€Å"sustainability†, the term â€Å"ethics† has in recent years become a featured part of the rhetoric within the business world as a whole and the tourism industry is no exception (Pearce, Moscardo and Ross 1977, p.89). Much is written in promotional material by tourism organisations about the ethics of their product and the ethical principals by which they work. In fact a plethora of ethical codes have been produced for all tourism industry stakeholders including, â€Å"codes of ethics for travellers; codes of ethics for tourists, for government, and for tourism businesses. Codes for all†¦ † (Fennell, 2006 p.241). However, partially as a result of the fact that such codes were not considered to be sufficient, and did not respond to the issues that were being raised, tourism researchers such as Jim Macbeth (2005) and others began to study how ethics should be viewed and used when dealing with the problems of sustainability within tourism. To do this meant that one had to look at ethics from the point of view of all shareholders, which, when addressing the three mentioned in Fennell’s (2006, p.4) study, meant understanding the effects that tourism policy and planning had on them. In addition there is the ethics related to the impact vacations will have upon environmental issues and how to handle these facets. In term of the application of ethics to the tourist consumer, research has to consider both aspects of these stakeholders. Not only is there the moral and ethical issue of ensuring that the tourist perceptions and expectations are honestly matched, but there is also the tourists own ethical standards and how they impact upon the success of otherwise of the sale of the destination product. The authenticity of the wildlife issue has been mentioned previously. Although, the majority of tourists considered the â€Å"captivity in natural surroundings† to be a natural wildlife experience, is it ethical for the destination to be portrayed in this manner? Similarly, is it ethical for the wildlife to be subjected to this sort of unnatural control simply to satisfy the needs of the tourist consumer? The tourist attitudes to â€Å"alternative tourism† have also changed. The tourist consumer has become more aware of the environmental issues surrounding destinations and vacations. As Pearce, Moscado and Ross (1997, p.152) explain in their study regarding the tourist relationship with the destination they are visiting, the â€Å"environmental attitudes to tourism are not held in isolation but, for some citizens, are a part of a larger environmental ethic.† An increasing number of tourists no longer expect their vacations to include all of the environmentally damaging aspects that were previously provided, neither do they expect the planners and policy makers to develop areas for vacations to the detriment of the environment; historical and cultural values. Similarly, they do expect those same persons and organisations to act towards the tourist consumer in an ethical manner. The perception is that, whilst providing the destination for vacation, this should be conducted in an ethical manner, ensuring that the correct measures are taken to ensure sustainability of the site and those communities, wildlife and natural resources that depend upon it. Brokers Brokers include all of those parties that have an interest in providing the destination and its activities to the tourist. This includes the local governments and policy makers, those who develop and maintain the sites, such as the hoteliers and attraction owners, and the sellers, being travel agents. All of these organisations need to address ethical issues that attract to the services and facilities they provide. Research has shown that many of these operators and brokers are already promoting the ethical aspect of their service, and are claiming that they have taken on board the demands of the consumer. For example there are corporations whose â€Å"Ethical tours claim to combine environmental education with minimal travel comfort, help protect local communities and environments† (Mowforth and Munt 2003, p.51). However, research and studies undertaken cast doubt on many of these claims. As Mowforth and Munt’s (2003, p.202) studies show, whilst the terms â€Å"environment,† â€Å"sustainability† and may appear in the organisation’s publicity to promote their ethical stance, it does not necessarily mean that these are factual claim. One representative, when questioned by these researchers in regards to their corporate responsibility to inform their consumers about the affect of tourism, responded that their primary task was to sell vacations. Much of the research work that Dr Macbeth (2005) has undertaken over the years, has been specifically targeted at endeavouring to create a platform which allows these organisations to address the ethical issues that face them in the provision of destinations and services, so that the claims made can be supported by genuine action. Macbeth has provided both theoretical and practical examples of how a destination can be designed in such a way that it incorporates the needs of all the stakeholders, whilst at the same time limiting the damage that can be caused by unethical methods. This includes how to involve the communities at all levels of the development of the destination and its running; ensure safety of the local environment, historical venues and places of interest; and at the same time presenting the destination in an ethically positive manner that will still address all of the tourist consumer demands and expectations and sustain tourism usage. One of the most difficult ethical issues facing tourism today is the community that live around or are involved in the destination site. This is especially true in areas such as developing countries and where there is a new destination being developed or exploited, as well as areas that have not had previous experience of such ventures within their locality. In the case of communities in and surrounding new destination developments, there are a number of ethical issues to be addressed. For example, whilst most may desire the benefit of such a development, Dr Macbeth believes that the developer has an ethical duty to ensure that the community is fully aware of the impact that the developed destination will have on their lives, environment and, potentially, their culture. It is accepted that this is not an easy task to achieve, particularly as with no previous experience by which to make a comparison, these communities may not fully comprehend the impact even when it is explained to them. Nevertheless, as the case studies and actual projects carried out by Dr Macbeth and his students have demonstrated, it is possible for such an understanding to be achieved (Jim Macbeth 1997). Community reactions are very important to the successful development of any destination site. Therefore their involvement with and acceptance of the project is important to achieve. As Pearce, Moscardo and Ross (1997, p.6) confirm, â€Å"the issue of how communities shape and respond to social and environmental changes is a driving factor in assessing community response to tourism.† Environment Finally, there is the issue of ethics in respect of the environment. In the current climate of potential threat to wildlife, dwindling natural resources, locations and the larger environmental issues, destination managers have an ethical duty to play their part in its sustainability. They also have a duty to ensure that their development does as little environmental damage as possible and contribute to the protection of the environment, rather than add destructive forces that will increase the dangers and damage. This includes such matters as energy conservation, emission control, and protection of wildlife, heritage and local communities. For example, with wildlife it is important that the planners are aware of any endangered species located within the destination target area, and ensure that the neither the development, nor the resultant tourist consumer activity can in any way add to the endangerment of that species. Ethical research It is important that, prior to the commencement of any development, research is undertaken to ensure that all of the ethical issues are addressed. The organisation needs to understand the impact that construction projects might have on the local environment, and its impact on issues such as wildlife protection and climate emissions. The research must also evaluate the effect of the development on the local population, its culture and heritage. One important proviso of the research that is undertaken is the independence of the researchers who undertake the study. Whilst, as is increasingly the case with studies and research projects that take place within universities, the planners and policy makers may contribute funding for the project, it is essential, and ethically correct to ensure that these people and organisations are able to carry out their tasks without any influence or pressure applied by those organisations. The purpose of such research is to reach a conclusion that provides for an ethical stance that all of the stakeholders can agree is desirable and, in addition, provide recommendations as to how the project and the ethical stance can be achieved and protected. In essence it should form the basis for â€Å"the purpose of identifying a template from which to aid in the development of tourism ethics.† (Fennell, p.197) Conclusion From the various researches that have been studied in the preparation of this paper, it is the author’s opinion that the hypothesis statement made by Dr Jim Macbeth is supported. There is a need for the educators and other stakeholders in the tourism industry to review the issues and construct an â€Å"ethical stance† that provides for a sustainable platform. It is equally importance that the strategy evolved from such a stance is seen to be effective and transparent to all concerned, with a determined effort to address and maintain all of the issues that constructing and maintaining a vacation destination involves. It is equally important to ensure that any studies and researches undertaken in an effort to achieve such a position are arrived at as a result of full discussion with, and involvement by all of the stakeholders involved with the product. Fennell (2006, p.346) observes, â€Å"In allowing ethics into tourism, we open the door to philosophy and the humanities.† Whilst it is accepted that this is the case, in the view of the author, there is no possibility of omitting this factor from the tourism research process. Ethics is an integral part of the tourist consumer’s human decision process. It is the stance that is taken on those ethics and the way it is approached that is important. References Butcher, Jim (2003). The Moralisation of Tourism: Sun, Sand†¦ and Saving the World? Routledge. London UK. Cohen, S. and Taylor, L (1992). Escape Attempts. The Theory and Practice of Resistance to Everyday Life. Routledge. New York. US. Fennell, David A (2006). Ethical Tourism. Channel View Publications. Clevedon, UK. Jacobsen Damien, Carson Dean, Macbeth Jim and Rose Simon (2005) Prosper Pilot Case Study. Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre. Queensland, Australia. Jafari, Jafar (1990). Research and Scholarship: The Basis of Tourism Education. The Journal of Tourism Studies, Vol.1, No.1. Queensland, Australia. MacBeth, Jim (2005). Towards an Ethics Platform for Tourism. Elsevier Ltd. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 32. No. 4, pp 962-984. Oxford, UK. Macbeth, Jim (1997). Tourism, Policy and Planning in Australia and New Zealand: Issues and Cases. Irwin Publishers. Sydney, Australia. Section 3, Chapter 13. Mowforth, Martin and Munt, Ian (2003) Tourism and Sustainability. Routledge. London, UK. Pearce, Philip L., Moscardo, Gianna and Ross, Glenn F. (1997) Tourism Community Relationships. Elsevier Ltd. Oxford, UK. Cohen, S. and Taylor, L (1992). Escape Attempts. The Theory and Practice of Resistance to Everday Life. Routledge. New York, US. Newsome, D, M. Hughes and J. Macbeth (2005) Captive Wildlife Tourism in a Natural Setting: Visitor Satisfaction as a Measure of Success at Barna Mia, Western Australia. Journal of Ecotourism. Vol. 4, No. 2, pp73-91. Australia.

Life: The Personal Experience :: essays research papers

Life: The Personal Experience   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who would have thought that a night out with a church group could turn into a deadly accident? En route to a spring break camp, one of our van was hit by a 18 wheelers' truck; creating a night we wouldn't forget.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story began with a trip to summer retreat. It was ticket to bring me back to reality, and also tickets for some people to heaven. We loaded our luggage into the back of the vans, and we headed off toward our destination. It is about one or one and half hour later, one of our van stop at the stop sign, when the driver of that van saw no car was coming, (some blind spot cover the area that the driver can't see) he step the paddles and drive off, but a on coming truck was driving too fast and didn't saw one of our van, it crushes the van into three different pieces, everyone in our van saw it happened and everyone is shocked of that terrible scene. Few minutes later, the cops and the ambulances quickly arrived. We heard the loud noise come from the police and ask us to help them, we quickly got off the van and helping the fire fighters and the cops to pull people out of that vans, I saw lot of our church friend got burned to death and some other just crushed by Small pieces. Everyone is in tears including the police and fire fighters. After the rescue, we find out most of people in that van died, but some in serious condition. After that accident, I learned that life is meaningless, and learned that we should help others while we can. My goal was to let God into my life. It was one of the most relaxing and peaceful things I have ever done. Because we all inspired by God, he helps us when we really needed him. He brings us out of the nightmare that no one will ever forget. We gather all our church friend in a small meeting every Friday, every time we meet, we would have small group meetings and share anything that came to mind. We prayed for people to find God in their life, and for everything that needed assistance. We also planned the prayer service, meal plans, and chores for the next day. We saw God comes in our life and helps us while we have trouble of doing some stuff that we just cannot understand. He gives us power to think and solve the problem successively.

Mankiller: a chief and her people

This book is the autobiography of the former Chief of the Cherokee Nation, unfolding her personal story, the history of her people, and the dawning of the Native American Civil Rights struggle. The book is a quest to reclaim and preserve Native American values and to examine her own role as a woman of two cultures and leader of a sovereign nation. Basically the book is a mix of autobiography, traditional tales, and a lengthy history of the Cherokee. Mankiller's chronicle of her people churns with energy, whether she's raking the federal government over the coals or celebrating past Cherokee leaders like Sequoyah. It is dual story of Chief Mankiller's life and a compact history of crucial and poignant episodes in Cherokee history. This contemporary account of the first woman principal chief of the Cherokee Nation describes the development of a modern-day leader. A tale of personal triumphs and tragedies, it begins with a childhood spent on an allotment farm in Mankiller Flats, Oklahoma, and moves through teenage years in the 1960s as an â€Å"urban Indian,† a near brush with death, and a life of solid accomplishment in service and tribal leadership rooted in Cherokee culture. The mid section of the book is purely historical and the interaction of Cherokee and African American history is fascinating and a reoccurring theme. The average Americans are taught very little about the native peoples, this book is a must read for those who wish to know the Native American life. Wilma Mankiller's story is profoundly interwoven with the history of the Cherokee. Once the Cherokee lived in Tennessee and across the South, by the early 1800's white settlers were pushing them out of their native lands. Some left willingly and established new bases in Arkansas, only to be moved later. In the 1830's two-thirds of the Cherokee Nation were finally rounded up and forced to travel, mostly by foot, on a march now called the Trail of Tears. Those who survived the difficult march were placed on a reservation in Indian Territory. Once there, they were again neglected, the result was a confusion that resulted would greatly affect Mankiller's early life. The book traces her family saga, when they move out in 1950s from rural Oklahoma to San Francisco in a government relocation project. The federal government came up with a policy of â€Å"termination† of tribes to mainstream Native Americans. This policy was trumped up as a â€Å"wonderful opportunity for Indian families to get great jobs, obtain good education for their kids, and, once and for all, leave poverty behind.† In truth, the program gave the government the perfect chance to take Indian people away from their culture and open up the vast Oklahoma territory to white landowners. Wilama is vocal and does not hesitates to vehemently express her views â€Å"In my view, Oklahoma statehood was a very dark page†¦.the harm heaped on our people †¦was tremendous†¦.For the Cherokee Nation and the other of the Five Tribes, statehood meant only the heartbreaking conclusion to decades spent fighting attempts to transform Indian Territory into a white commonwealth.† It was a traumatic change for the 11 year-old Wilma and her 10 brothers and sisters. This sudden shift from traditional life brought her face-to-face with bias, racism and poverty. In spite of this, the Mankiller family had a strength to survive, which came through sheer will alone. Mankiller's father Charley and other relatives helped with the construction of the Mankiller's first real family home. The house was made of rough lumber and had only four rooms described as a â€Å"little bitty house with too many people living there†. There was no electricity in the house, and the family had to use wood, coal, oil, and natural gas to cook and heat the house. Due to the fact that the house also did not have running water, they had to bring water up from a spring for cooking and washing purposes, and use an outhouse to go to the bathroom. Though the home lacked some luxuries, Mankiller looks back on her time there with pleasant memories. However, some memories were not as pleasant as the pride in a family home. To obtain the money needed for basic necessities, Mankiller's parents and older siblings used to go out and cut timber to sell as railroad ties. To further supplement the family's income, Charley Mankiller and his oldest son went every year to help harvest broomcorn, generally working every day from dawn to sunset. And her family's strength and perseverance paid off. Mankiller attested to her family's strength when she stated, â€Å"even though we were poor, I cannot remember ever being hungry as a little girl. Somehow, we always had food on our tables.† Mankiller would feel no different from others until the family was relocated to San Francisco, California. That metropolitan setting opened her eyes to many injustices that existed in society and led the way for her focus on activism. As a child, Mankiller had her doubts about the relocation. These doubts were realized when the Mankiller family arrived in San Francisco and discovered that the situation was not as portrayed. Mankiller and her family had left behind â€Å"the sounds of roosters, owls, crickets.† The Native Americans are in love with their land and cannot think of selling or misusing it, as Supposedly Chief Seattle said in the 1850s â€Å"How can you buy or sell the sky, the warmth of the land. Every part of the Earth is sacred to my people.† The 1969 Indian occupation of Alcatraz, which she supported strongly proved a turning point in her life. She became an activist in Indian affairs, eventually leaving her husband and returning with her two daughters to her old home. Surviving a debilitating automobile accident and a kidney transplant, she continues to lead her people. In this inspiring story, Mankiller offers herself as a valuable role model–for women as well as Native Americans. Wilama is a tribal woman to the core, who loves her traditions and culture intensely and proud to be a Native American. She unfolds the wrongs of the White Americans settlers, when Native Americans spiritual beliefs and practices were considered ignorance. She explains that to be a Native American means holding a different perspective of the world. She enlightens the readers, that the culture, values and traditions of native people are more than crafts and carvings. The Natives   respect for the wisdom of their elders, concept of family responsibilities, concern for the environment and willingness to share – all of these values makes   Native American culture endurable in the course of time. On personal level the book is an autobiography overcoming the difficulties and problems, however it moves beyond personal woes and traces the history of the Cherokees. The tale revolves around her own battle against devastating personal illnesses–including kidney disease and myasthenia gravis- -evokes praise and admiration for over coming her odyssey of life. The text is filled with her â€Å"innate love of all people’’. Despite talk of   â€Å"spirituality† very little spirituality can found in the book. It is a   story of survival, told with honesty and eloquence, teaching the readers, the lesson of endurance and strength in the wake of crisis. Reference: â€Å"The 2005-06 chairwoman of the Wayne Morse Center for Law and Politics, an independent center at the law school, Mankiller is also serving as a visiting professor in the Ethnic Studies department through the end of this month. The speech opened with a ceremonial welcome by the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde Honor Guard and a traditional song performed by the Eagle Beak Singers. Mankiller was introduced by University President Dave Frohnmayer, who said it was an â€Å"honor to welcome a woman, a leader, a person who understands the relationship between knowledge and morality.† Mankiller began by mentioning the difficulties of having an informed dialogue on Native American issues. Mankiller deconstructed many stereotypes about Native Americans and reiterated the necessity of doing so†. Oregon Daily   Emerald, November 13, 2005 â€Å"Contemporary Native women of the United States and Canada, politically active in Indigenous rights movements for the past thirty years, variously articulate a reluctance to affiliate with white feminist movements of North America. Despite differences in tribal affiliation, regional location, urban or reservation background, academic or community setting, and pro- or antifeminist ideology, many Native women academics and grassroots activists alike invoke models of preconquest, egalitarian societies to theorize contemporary social and political praxes. Such academics as Paula Gunn Allen, Rayna Green, and Patricia Monture-Angus, as well as Native activists Wilma Mankiller, Mary Brave Bird, and Yet Si Blue (Janet McCloud) have problematized the reformative role white feminism can play for Indigenous groups, arguing that non-Native women's participation in various forms of Western imperialism have often made them complicit in the oppression of Native peoples† Revision and Resistance: The Politics of Native Women's Motherwork, Lisa J. Ude, Frontiers – A Journal of Women's Studies ,2001 The key to reaching this goal is ownership. Service must never be done for others but with them. Before she became Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma, Wilma Mankiller attracted national attention through her work with self-help community-service projects in isolated Cherokee communities. The most dramatic of these involved the tiny community of Bell, where local Cherokee designed and carried out a project that became a catalyst for bringing their community together. The project could have been done for the people (the approach usually taken by government agencies) rather than by the people. But that wasn't what Mankiller had in mind. Kappan.P   Service-Learning and Multicultural/Multiethnic Perspectives from Diversity to Equity (2005) She has shown in her typically exuberant way that not only can Native Americans learn a lot from the whites, but that whites can learn from native people. Understanding the interconnectedness of all things, many whites are beginning to understand the value of native wisdom, culture and spirituality. Spirituality is then key to the public and private life of Wilma Mankiller who has indeed become known not only for her community leadership but also for her spiritual presence. A woman rabbi who is the head of a large synagogue in New York commented that Mankiller was a significant spiritual force in the nation. Her book also details her social and political involvement in American Indian and women's issues and her return to her northeast Oklahoma roots. Since then, Mankiller worked on many community development programs designed to provide jobs and/or homes to Native American people. In 1991, she was reelected as chief. Power Source, Wilma Mankiller former Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation Mankiller attributes her understanding of her people’s history partially to her own families forced removal, as part of the government's Indian relocation policy, to California when she was a young girl. Her concern for Native American issues was ignited in 1969 when she watched a group of university students with AIM (American Indian Movement) occupy Alcatraz Island in order to attract attention to the issues affecting their tribes. Shortly afterwards, she began working in preschool and adult education programs in the Pit River Tribe of California. Women History Project In this spiritually moving autobiography, Wilma Mankiller not only tells her personal story, but honors and recounts the complex history of the Cherokees. Her book becomes the quest to reclaim and preserve the great Native American values that form the foundation of our nation. She details the dawning of the Native American civil rights struggle and how the genesis of that movement mirrored her own search for meaning and balance as a woman of two cultures and as the head of state for a sovereign nation of native people. Four Winds Indians Books (2005)             .